Freedom of Speech and Expression

Article 19(1)

• What is Article 19?
• What are the Freedoms guaranteed under Article 19?
• Who enjoys the Rights guaranteed under Article 19 of the Constitution?
• Who has the Duty to Uphold the Rights under Article 19?
• Are Rights under Article 19 Absolute?
• Does ‘Reasonable Restriction’ mean Complete Prohibition?
• Can the Rights under Article 19(1) be Suspended?
• What is the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression under Article 19(1)(a)?

Media Freedoms

• What is the Importance of Free and Independent Media
• Right to Publish
• Right to Circulate
• Right to Report Court Proceedings

Freedom of Artistic Expression

• What is the Freedom of Artistic Expression?
• Right against Prior Censorship
• Right to Depict Potentially Sensitive or Sensational items
• Right to Prevent Piracy of One’s Materials and Creation

Commercial Speech

• Essential Ingredients of Commercial Speech
• Right to Regulate One’s Own Advertising Space
• Right to Advertise through Comparison with Other Products

Political Expression

• What is the Freedom of Political Expression
• Casting of Votes
• The Right to Protest
• The Right to Criticise the Government

Right to Know

• Why is the Right to Know important?
• Right to Request for Official Documents
• Right to Know about the Backgrounds of Electoral Candidates
• Right to View Live Proceedings of the Court