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The Covid-19 vaccine is developed in the following manner1:
| Phases of vaccine development or trial | Purpose |
| Pre-clinical phase | In this stage, the vaccine is developed in the laboratory. |
| Phase 1 Clinical trial (8-10 participants) | Phase 1 is essential for testing the safety of the vaccine. |
| Phase 2 Clinical trial (50-100 participants) | Phase 2 is essential for testing vaccine immunogenicity i.e. production of antibodies against viruses. |
| Phase 3 Clinical trial (30,000-50,000 participants) | Phase 3 is essential for testing actual protection offered by the vaccine, i.e, based on a larger survey group. |
Once the vaccine clears phase 3 of the trial, it is eligible to get licensed and becomes available to the public on the basis of government guidelines.
- COVID-19 Vaccines Operational Guidelines, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, accessed at https://main.mohfw.gov.in/newshighlights-31 [↩]
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How is the Government taking action against Covid-19?
The Central and State Governments took several actions to control the spread of the disease under the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, and the Disaster Management Act, 2005 like restricting spread and movement by enforcing lockdowns or curfews and other measures.
What is Covid-19 ?
Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation in March, 2020, Covid-19 is associated with symptoms like fever, dry cough and tiredness.