Can I identify my gender to be different than the sex assigned to me at birth without undergoing surgery?

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Yes, you can identify as a different gender from the one assigned to you at birth, even without undergoing surgery. The Supreme Court of India ¹has held that you do not have to go through any medical procedures to be able to identify with the gender of your choice. 

1. National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India & Ors. (AIR 2014 SC 1863)[↩]