- Effluents: Waste in liquid form; usually outflows from industries, sewage plants or wastewater treatment plants into a natural body of water.
- Polluter pays principle: An accepted legal principle where the person responsible for the pollution is the one who pays for the damage to the environment.
- Precautionary principle: the legal principle based on the idea of taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty or likelihood of an event in order to fix liability on the person responsible for that event.